AWS Lambda vs Windmill

Setup

Windmill

The setup is the exact same as for the other benchmarks in Airflow vs Prefect vs Temporal vs Kestra vs Windmill. We used the same EC2 m4-large instance and deployed Windmill on docker using the docker-compose.yml in Windmill's official GitHub repo (with the same adjustment, i.e. 1 worker only, even though for this use case it would not make a difference).

We created a script in Windmill computing a Fibonacci number in Python:

N_FIBO = 33

# WIMDMILL script: `u/benchmarkuser/fibo_script`
def fibo(n: int):
    if n <= 1:
        return n
    else:
        return fibo(n - 1) + fibo(n - 2)

def main():
    return fibo(N_FIBO)

which we called multiple times using its webhook. We used siege benchmark tool to trigger the jobs multiple times using its webhook:

siege -r500 -c1 -v -H "Cookie: token=$WM_TOKEN" "http://$WM_HOST/api/w/benchmarks/jobs/run_wait_result/p/u%2Fbenchmarksuser%2Ffibo_script"

AWS Lambda

We set up a Lambda running Python 3.11 with the following simple script:

import json

N_FIBO = 33

def fibo(n: int):
    if n <= 1:
        return n
    else:
        return fibo(n - 1) + fibo(n - 2)

def lambda_handler(event, context):
    result = fibo(N_FIBO)
    return {
        'statusCode': 200,
        'body': json.dumps(result)
    }

We gave the Lambda 2048MB of memory, but according to the logs the memory never exceeded 50MB. On AWS, vCPU is proportional to the memory so we can assume it got a decent vCPU.

We exposed a trigger through AWS API Gateway and from our EC2 instance, we called it using the same siege benchmark tool:

siege -r500 -c1 -v -H "x-api-key: $AWS_API_KEY" "https://$AWS_LAMBDA_HOST/default/fibo_lambda"

Results

In the same vein as the other benchmarks, we ran fibonacci(10) 500 times (--reps=500 as siege argument) and fibonacci(33) 100 times.

The results were the following:

(in seconds)	# reps	AWS Lambda (sec)	Windmill Normal (sec)	Windmill Dedicated Worker (sec)
fibo(10)	500	36.56	55.36	26.81
fibo(33)	100	93.95	109.06	104.5

Which gives an average duration per job in milliseconds:

(in milliseconds)	AWS Lambda (sec)	Windmill Normal (sec)	Windmill Dedicated Worker (sec)
fibo(10)	73	111	54
fibo(33)	940	1091	1045

Visually, we have the following graphs:

Conclusion

For running a high number of lightweight tasks (fibonacci(10)), we can see that Windmill in dedicated worker mode is the fastest. Windmill in normal mode is slower because it runs a cold start for each task. For long running tasks (fibonacci(33)), Windmill in normal mode and dedicated worker mode is almost equivalent because the warm-up time needed in normal mode is negligible compared to the duration of tasks. AWS Lambda has slightly better performance for those kind of tasks, likely because it is able to run the core of the Python logic faster than Windmill.